Apophis (99942) is one of the world’s most closely monitored Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs) and is classified as a Potentially Hazardous Asteroid (PHA). Discovered in 2004, it initially raised global concern due to early calculations suggesting a possible impact with Earth. However, subsequent observations by NASA and other international space agencies have confirmed that Apophis poses no impact threat to Earth for at least the next 100 years. Its exceptionally close flyby on 13 April 2029 will provide scientists with a rare opportunity to study asteroid dynamics, surface changes, and planetary defence strategies.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Apophis (99942), covering its discovery, physical characteristics, classification as a Potentially Hazardous Asteroid, 2029 close approach, NASA’s OSIRIS-APEX mission, planetary defence, gravitational keyholes, potential impact effects, scientific importance, and current risk assessment. Whether you are preparing for UPSC, State PCS, UGC-NET, Space Science, Astronomy, Environment, Science & Technology, or Competitive Examinations, this guide offers a clear, engaging, and exam-oriented understanding of one of the most significant near-Earth asteroids ever discovered.
Author: Darshita Neeraj
Senior Researcher,
Mudita Learning and Knowledge Private Limited
Email: info@muditabooks.com
Date of post: 08.08.2026
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