Citizenship is the foundation of every democratic society, defining the legal and political relationship between an individual and the state. It not only grants civil, political, and social rights but also places important duties and responsibilities on every citizen. From the classical ideas of Aristotle to the modern perspectives of T.H. Marshall, Harold J. Laski, John Rawls, Robert Nozick, Anthony Giddens, Hannah Arendt, and Iris Marion Young, the concept of citizenship has evolved to reflect changing views on democracy, equality, participation, justice, and social welfare. Understanding citizenship is essential for appreciating how modern states balance individual freedoms with collective responsibilities.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Citizenship in Political Science, covering its meaning, definitions, characteristics, citizenship by birth (Jus Soli & Jus Sanguinis), Liberal Theory, Libertarian Theory, Marxist Theory, Communitarian View, Feminist View, and the contributions of major political thinkers. It also explores the relationship between rights, duties, democracy, social justice, equality, and active civic participation, making it an invaluable resource for UPSC, State PCS, UGC-NET, Political Science, Public Administration, Law, Sociology, and Judiciary aspirants.
Author: Darshita Neeraj
Senior Researcher,
Mudita Learning and Knowledge Private Limited
Email: info@muditabooks.com
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