BRICS is one of the world’s most influential geopolitical and economic groupings, bringing together major emerging economies to promote multilateral cooperation, sustainable development, and a more balanced global order. Originally formed by Brazil, Russia, India, China, and later South Africa, BRICS represents a significant share of the world’s population, land area, and economic output. Through institutions such as the New Development Bank (NDB) and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA), the grouping seeks to strengthen economic cooperation, reform global governance, and provide alternatives to traditional Western-led financial institutions. The recent expansion of BRICS has further enhanced its strategic importance in international politics and the Global South.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of BRICS, covering its history, evolution, objectives, institutional framework, BRICS+ expansion, New Development Bank (NDB), Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA), key areas of cooperation, India’s role, recent developments (2024–25), challenges, and global significance. It also explains topics such as de-dollarisation, digital and fintech cooperation, climate initiatives, space collaboration, and the growing influence of BRICS in shaping the future of global governance. Whether you are preparing for UPSC, State PCS, SSC, UGC-NET, International Relations, Political Science, Economics, or Current Affairs, this guide offers a clear and exam-oriented understanding of one of the world’s most important international groupings.
Author: Darshita Neeraj
Senior Researcher,
Mudita Learning and Knowledge Private Limited
Email: info@muditabooks.com
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